Allergic rhinitis is a common disease, of which the disease occurrence rate during childhood reaches around 20%, that is showing a gradually increasing trend; depending on the level of pain related to symptoms, it can have a negative impact on the quality of life for patients and their families, and can exert a heavy social and economic burden. In addition, it is closely related to other respiratory allergic illnesses such as asthma, sinusitis, etc.

Around the world, because of the high prevalence and importance of the disease, in-depth studies on risk factors, diagnosis and treatment, and comorbidities are being pursued. With these studies as basis, through the 1999 Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) WHO workshop, the basic guidelines for treatment of allergic rhinitis that are appropriate for the situations of different countries have been provided.

In Korea, as well, through the results of the "Diagnosis and Treatment of Sinusitis Survey" conducted in 2006 and the "Survey on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis" conducted in 2008, the need for effective treatment of sinusitis and rhinitis, and for clinical guidelines for clinical physicians is recognized and accepted.

Based on the aforementioned importance, the Group for the Study of Rhinitis published treatment guidelines for sinusitis in 2007 and treatment guidelines for allergic rhinitis in 2009. In addition, the Group for the Study of Rhinitis is currently working on publishing a position paper on "Chronic cough in children and adolescents" for systematic diagnostic approach and treatment of chronic cough.

The Asthma Research Group for Infants and Preschool Children and Asthma Research Group for School-age Children were established in May 2010 for the study of asthma and the education for the public. From early 1990 to early 2010, the Committee on the Compilation of Guidelines for Asthma Treatment and Treatment of Children's Asthma under the KAPARD published the guidelines for the correct diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma three times, contributing greatly to the research and treatment of children's asthma in Korea. The two research groups plan to study the mechanism and clinical aspects of childhood asthma, diagnosis, and treatment at each age group, and to collect Korean data. The specialized knowledge gained through research will be shared through academic exchanges at home and abroad, and public relations and educational activities will be conducted to ensure proper asthma treatment and prevention. It was divided into the existing two study groups, "Asthma Research Group for Infants and Preschool Children" and "Asthma Research Group for School-age Children". However, in order to make the research activities more efficient, the two research groups began their activities as a "Korean Childhood Asthma Research (KARES)" in 2016.

Sleep medicine is a medical specialty that it concentrates on events occurring during the sleep and their associated diseases. The neurologic structures responsible for sleep develop rapidly during the early years of life and generate sleep patterns of increasing complexity. Early disruption of these processes can impose major cognitive and emotional consequences. Recognition of sleep-related disorders is important to the understanding and proper treatment of many other childhood disorders.

The Sleep Research Group under the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease was established to understand the sleep problems in children and to research the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and various respiratory/allergic diseases, SDB in premature infants, the relationship between sleep disorders and metabolic diseases. We will collaborate with related academic societies to conduct a national survey for the prevalence of snoring/SDB in Korean children/adolescents, to develop the Korean version of the various sleep questionnaires, and to perform sleep-related study.

Atopic dermatitis recently shows a sharp increase in prevalence rate along with other allergic diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, but has more difficulties with the intensification of clinical symptoms and the diversification of inducing factors. The disease shows various patient-specific clinical aspects and severities, goes through a chronic process in which deterioration and improvement repeat themselves throughout a long period even in one patient and has the diverse factors that also affect the inducing factors or process of asthma or allergic rhinitis.

As atopic dermatitis draws social attention recently, it enjoys high social awareness, leading to the implementation of national projects, but has the difficulties in managing patients due to the commercial use of indiscrete methods on treatment and management. This makes it urgently necessary to work out the appropriate and consistent treatment guidelines for diagnosing relevant patients accurately, minimizing their social and economic burdens and enhancing the quality of life.

The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD) published a treatment manual for atopic dermatitis professionals, patients and patrons. The Academy is working out the guidelines on the oral food challenge test fit for domestic conditions and will have the Group study more specific and practical treatment guidelines.

Healthcare informatics is a study that efficiently systematizes and manages various information necessary for patient treatment, medical research, and medical education. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease established the Group for the Healthcare Informatics Clinical Application Research in Sep 1 2020, 1) to collect a real world data, 2) to prove a clinical hypothesis and apply a latest statistical methodology, 3) to integrate doctors' experiences and appropriate scientific evidence in clinical decision-making, 4) to create new medical knowledge, 5) to answer to various questions encountered in a real world practice in the field of pediatric allergy and respiratory diseases.

The Group for the Healthcare Informatics Clinical Application Research aims to collect the latest evidences and create new evidences for the promotion of public welfare through systematic review and meta-analysis and real world data analysis in the field of pediatric allergy and respiratory diseases.

Respiratory disease in children and adolescents is the most common cause of a visit to hospitals, and although the death rate from respiratory diseases has decreased due to advances in medical technology, the severity of some respiratory diseases has increased due to the introduction of new pathogens and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the increase in premature infant birth, proper management of chronic respiratory diseases is required. Chronic respiratory diseases such as obliterative bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis also require continuous care during childhood and adolescence, although the prevalence rate is low. The Pneumonia & Respiratory Diseases Study Group was founded in August 2016 to study pneumonia and respiratory diseases in children and adolescents. Our research group was the last to be launched within the society, but with the active participation of the members of the research group, we are doing the most active research activities. So far, research on mycoplasma pneumonia, bronchiectasis, congenital airway disease, and monitoring network for respiratory pathogens are being conducted. From now on, we will be interested in wheezing, induced sputum, bronchoscopy, critical care, lung function, etc, and plan to interact with the pediatric respiratory societies in neighboring countries.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that affects the multi-organs, including lungs and digestive systems, due to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations. CF can be life-threatening, and the main cause of death is respiratory complications, including acute and chronic respiratory failure with infection. Therefore, early diagnosis and management are crucial for children with CF. CF rarely affects people in the Asian population, including Korean, while it does affect some people in Caucasians. The investigation committee on CF in the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD) investigates CF's prevalence and characteristics and the current status of diagnosis and management of CF in Korea. It also collaborates with the Asian Paediatric Pulmonology Society (APPS) to research CF's prevalence and characteristics in Asian countries. We hope to understand the nationwide situation and worldwide perspectives of CF and establish an appropriate national guideline for CF diagnosis and management.